EU Eases Sanctions on Syria Amid Transition, But Full Relief…

Ahead of a national dialogue in Syria, the EU has lifted some sanctions on the Assad regime, but full removal remains uncertain contingent on reform implementation and inclusive governance. Rights groups assert that lifting US sanctions is key to economic recovery, with ongoing restrictions threatening to exacerbate humanitarian crises. Analysts warn delays could jeopardize stability and urge proactive measures for sanctions relief.

As the Syrian Arab Republic prepares for its national dialogue in Damascus on February 25, the European Union (EU) has taken a significant step by easing some sanctions on the Assad regime. However, full lifting of sanctions remains contingent on the establishment of an inclusive government that will implement necessary reforms. The EU’s announcement on February 24 allows transactions in oil, gas, electricity, and transport sectors, aimed at facilitating humanitarian aid and reconstruction efforts.

Five financial institutions, including Syrian Arab Airlines, have been removed from the asset freeze list, enabling funds to reach Syria’s central bank. This development coincided with the interim government’s launch of national dialogue, under President Ahmad Al-Sharaa, who emphasized the formation of an inclusive transitional government. Critics have noted that preparations were hurried, yet around 600 delegates attended, highlighting the importance of drafting a new constitution and reforming institutions.

Rights groups assert that lifting sanctions, particularly from the US, is crucial for economic recovery. Nanar Hawach of the International Crisis Group stated, “Lifting sanctions is crucial at this moment to promote a stable and peaceful political transition in Syria.” Ibrahim Al-Assil emphasized the need to rebuild Syria’s middle class, which cannot happen without removing sanctions that currently hinder economic engagement.

Human Rights Watch has warned that ongoing sanctions impede reconstruction and exacerbate humanitarian crises. Significant portions of the Syrian population lack access to basic necessities, with 16.5 million people requiring aid, as observed by Karam Shaar from the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy. He stressed the need for financial support and warned that without it, the situation could worsen.

Concerns about US sanctions have led Qatar to delay promised funds for Syria’s public sector, associated with salary increases. The EU noted that the continuation of sanctions relief depends on the interim government’s reforms, with the possibility of reinstating sanctions should expectations not be met. As reforms falter, Al-Sharaa announced a committee to draft a temporary constitution on March 2, but skepticism regarding his ability to manage diverse political factions remains.

The formation of the government could be delayed, impacting sanctions relief decisions. Analysts urge that a proactive approach to sanctions relief is necessary, with Kenneth Roth from Human Rights Watch stating, “Western governments should lift the sanctions now, conditioned on Syria continuing in a rights-respecting direction.” Despite some easing, ongoing sanctions have become barriers to economic progress.

While precedent suggests sanctions rarely retract easily, the international community’s connection between sanctions and the interim government’s performance may hinder recovery. Former leaders’ fears surround rising reprisals against various ethnic and religious groups due to HTS’s rebel control, suggesting Al-Sharaa’s balance between various factions is critical for future stability.

Sanctions have plagued Syria for decades, primarily in response to human rights abuses under the Assad regime. Currently, approximately 90% of the population lives below the poverty line, with significant damage to infrastructure crippling recovery efforts. Sanctions primarily enforced by the US remain a significant obstacle for progress. Recent US licensing, while easing some restrictions, fails to reintegrate Syria’s banking with global markets adequately.

Analysts believe prioritizing financial transaction reinstatements is crucial for recovery, while skepticism about the imminent easing of US sanctions lingers. Otrakji highlighted the importance of aligning the new administration’s performance with economic improvements, stressing that sanctions continue to severely affect ordinary Syrians amid continued instability in the region.

The easing of some sanctions by the EU represents a significant departure from previous strictures against Syria, although full recovery hinges on further reforms and inclusivity within the interim government. Experts and rights groups emphasize that lifting sanctions is vital for economic recovery and societal stability. As the country faces the potential of renewed conflict without proper support and reform, the next months are essential in shaping Syria’s future governance and recovery.

Original Source: www.arabnews.com