Nigeria’s Targeted Strategies to Combat Poliovirus in Vulnerable Areas
Nigeria continues to fight against poliovirus, particularly cVPV2, by implementing the Targeted Local Outbreak Response (TLR) strategy, which aims to vaccinate children in high-risk areas. A recent campaign reached over 3.6 million children, yet issues such as caregiver noncompliance persist. With upcoming initiatives planned, Nigeria remains dedicated to eradicating poliovirus and enhancing community trust in vaccination efforts.
In Maiduguri, Borno State, the story of four-year-old Amina illustrates the challenges Nigeria faces in combatting poliovirus. Despite receiving intermittent immunizations since birth, Amina has missed several crucial doses, leaving her at risk of infection. Her mother, Saratu Bulama, expressed concerns about their inability to attend vaccination campaigns due to frequent absences, a reflection of the broader issue in conflict-affected regions.
The urgent goal for Nigeria is to halt the transmission of circulating variant poliovirus type 2 (cVPV2). Recent data reveals that, from January 2024 to March 10, 2025, there were 122 confirmed cases. In response, the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency (NPHCDA) is implementing the Targeted Local Outbreak Response (TLR) strategy, focusing on vaccinating susceptible children in high-risk areas.
Recently, a four-day vaccination initiative aimed to immunize 3.8 million children across seven states, with an encouraging turnout of over 3.6 million receiving the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2). However, certain children were missed due to reasons like caregiver noncompliance, highlighting the need for improved outreach strategies. Dr. Abdulkadir Usman Gana emphasized the importance of addressing these gaps via social mobilization.
WHO’s coordinated efforts have proven essential in executing the TLR campaigns, employing a data-driven methodology to tailor responses. By analyzing surveillance data and local conditions, the group optimizes immunization strategies. Dr. Walter Kazadi Mulombo commended this approach for its effectiveness and the potential to significantly impact the transmission of cVPV2.
Community involvement has been pivotal in the vaccination campaign. WHO provided training for over 18,727 health workers and facilitated various logistical support mechanisms. Dr. Yusuf Muhammad Argungu highlighted the necessity of coordination and communication in overcoming challenges and enhancing vaccination adherence.
Field volunteers, such as Zayyanu Adamu, played a crucial role in educating their communities about the importance of vaccination. Their grassroots initiatives, like organizing community dialogues with local leaders, have effectively resolved issues related to vaccine hesitancy.
To assess vaccination efficacy, WHO conducted Lot Quality Assurance Surveys (LQAS), achieving a notable success rate. The surveys revealed that 97% of surveyed local government areas (LGAs) had over 90% vaccination coverage, reflecting strong campaign performance.
Looking ahead, Nigeria plans to initiate another TLR phase on March 12, 2025, aiming to target 946,600 children in five states. Though challenges remain, the synergy between NPHCDA, NEOC, WHO, and local communities showcases Nigeria’s ongoing commitment to ensuring the complete immunization of all children against poliovirus, guiding the nation toward a polio-free status.
In summary, Nigeria’s efforts to combat cVPV2 emphasize the importance of targeted vaccination campaigns and community engagement. The TLR strategy has successfully reached millions, yet continued attention to social mobilization and logistical challenges remains crucial. With collaborative efforts from health authorities and local communities, Nigeria strives to close immunity gaps and secure a future free from poliovirus.
Original Source: www.afro.who.int