Escalating Violence in South Sudan: Understanding the Current Crisis and Preventive Measures
The article discusses the escalating violence in South Sudan, rooted in historical tensions between the Nuer and Dinka communities. A recent military intervention by Uganda and internal political dynamics threaten the 2018 peace deal. The independence of the White Army complicates the situation, and the article emphasizes the need for dialogue and international action to prevent civil war.
The resurgence of violence in South Sudan can be traced to long-standing animosities between the Nuer and Dinka communities, exacerbated by the historical split of the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) in 1991. Political tensions and escalating violence, especially in Upper Nile State, raise alarms about a potential civil war. Neighboring Uganda’s recent military intervention upon the South Sudanese government’s request has further complicated the fragile peace established by a 2018 power-sharing agreement between key leaders, including President Salva Kiir and First Vice-President Riek Machar.
In March 2025, the White Army—militia predominantly from the Nuer community—launched attacks in Nasir County against South Sudan People’s Defence Forces, leading to fierce confrontations and numerous casualties. The militia claims self-defense, while the government’s military responses, including aerial bombardments, have escalated tensions. Historical grievances between the communities reflect a larger cycle of conflict, further complicated by the White Army’s independence from political affiliations.
The situation in Nasir differs markedly from the civil war’s outbreak in 2013 when Nuer-majority areas faced severe attacks from primarily Dinka troops. The recent violence appears more reactionary, stemming from provocations rather than organized political strategies. Notable incidents include White Army assaults on soldiers collecting firewood, leading to casualties that ignited further retaliation, including the loss of significant military personnel in Nasir.
In an apparent effort to shift blame, the government has arrested leading opposition members, accusing them of orchestrating White Army actions to destabilize the state. This scapegoating overlooks the historical independence of the White Army’s activities. Therefore, to avert potential civil strife, the government must avoid arbitrary arrests and cease civilian bombardments.
A comprehensive dialogue combined with community demobilization strategies is essential for peace. Engaging influential community leaders, especially from White Army factions, will be crucial for de-escalation efforts. The approaching rainy season will provide a natural opportunity for fostering confidence between conflicting parties.
The international community has condemned the violence but has yet to take definitive action. A clearer stance from the UN mission in South Sudan regarding the unjustified arrests of opposition figures is necessary to prevent reinforcing government narratives that justify military actions. Emphasizing the need for de-escalation and political resolution to address the underlying grievances remains critically important as South Sudan navigates this turbulent period.
In summary, rising violence in South Sudan is deeply rooted in historical ethnic tensions and is exacerbated by recent political developments and military interventions. The independence of the White Army is key to understanding the current dynamics, which differ from previous conflicts. To prevent a return to civil war, focused dialogue and community engagement are essential. International involvement must also be proactive in promoting peace and acknowledging the complexities of the situation.
Original Source: eastleighvoice.co.ke
