Egypt, Eritrea, and Somalia Strengthen Ties Amid Regional Tensions in the Horn of Africa

Leaders from Egypt, Eritrea, and Somalia convened for a historic summit in Asmara, focusing on regional security amidst rising tensions due to conflicts in Sudan and a controversial deal between Ethiopia and Somaliland. They pledged to respect national sovereignty, cooperate on security, and support Somalia in addressing its challenges, while establishing a tripartite committee for continued strategic collaboration.

On Thursday, the leaders of Egypt, Eritrea, and Somalia convened for a groundbreaking summit in Asmara, where they committed to enhancing regional security amid rising tensions in the Horn of Africa. This assembly arose from escalating concerns linked to the ongoing war in Sudan, a contentious maritime agreement involving Ethiopia and the breakaway region of Somaliland, and the precarious situation in the Red Sea due to attacks from Houthi rebels. This meeting marked a significant shift in alliances, notably excluding Ethiopia.

The deteriorating relationship between Somalia and Ethiopia, aggravated by Ethiopia’s recent maritime deal with Somaliland, has fostered a closer bond between Somalia and Egypt. The summit culminated in a joint statement pledging to respect national sovereignty and territorial integrity among the countries involved. The leaders also emphasized the need to confront external interference in internal affairs and collaborate strategically for regional stability.

Additionally, the leaders agreed on the importance of supporting Somalia in addressing its internal and external challenges, particularly enhancing the capacity of the Somali National Federal Army to deal with terrorism and safeguard the nation’s borders. Discussion points also included the crises in Sudan and the Red Sea, as the trio announced the establishment of a tripartite committee chaired by their foreign ministers to facilitate strategic cooperation across various domains.

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s attendance was notable, as it was his first visit to Asmara in nearly three decades, while Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud have had more frequent interactions. The summit unfolded against a backdrop of regional rivalries, particularly following the controversial memorandum of understanding between Ethiopia and Somaliland concerning a naval base and port, which has been perceived as a direct threat to Somalia’s sovereignty.

Cairo and Somalia have strengthened their defense ties, with Egypt committing troops for a new African Union mission targeting the Al-Shabaab extremist group, amidst ongoing tensions with Ethiopia, particularly over water resource disputes related to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Although relations between Ethiopia and Eritrea have shown signs of strain, Ethiopian officials have claimed a peaceful and amicable relationship with Eritrea despite recent challenges in operational capabilities, such as Ethiopian Airlines suspending flights to Asmara.

Eritrea, having secured independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after a prolonged conflict, continues to navigate complex regional dynamics marked by historical grievances and border disputes that have previously escalated into warfare. Despite some recovery in ties since the 2018 peace agreement, significant tensions remain entrenched within the region.

The Horn of Africa has been characterized by a tumultuous political landscape, marked by conflicts and shifting alliances. The recent summit among leaders from Egypt, Eritrea, and Somalia exemplifies attempts to forge new partnerships in response to threats posed by conflicts such as the war in Sudan and maritime disputes involving Somaliland. Historically, these nations have had complex relationships with Ethiopia, and recent developments, including Ethiopia’s controversial agreements, have necessitated a realignment of alliances, particularly concerning Somali security. Moreover, the region’s strategic position along the Red Sea adds layers of geopolitical interest, particularly involving international maritime security.

In conclusion, the summit between Egypt, Eritrea, and Somalia represents a pivotal moment in the geopolitical landscape of the Horn of Africa. Through their collaborative efforts, the leaders are aiming to address regional security concerns while navigating the intricacies of longstanding rivalries, notably with Ethiopia. By pledging to respect sovereignty and independence, they are laying the groundwork for enhanced cooperation, especially in combating terrorism and ensuring stability across the region.

Original Source: www.barrons.com