Record Biodiversity Documented at Costa Rica’s Methane Seeps

Researchers have identified 488 distinct species in Costa Rica’s methane seeps, marking the highest biodiversity count in a single seep/vent region. This project, conducted by an international team, reveals significant discoveries including at least 58 new species. Findings published in ZooKeys aim to enhance deep-sea biodiversity research and conservation.

A decade-long research endeavor exploring the methane seeps off Costa Rica has culminated in the identification of 488 distinct deep-sea species, setting a record for biodiversity in a single seep or vent region. The study, involving an international team of marine biologists, documented at least 58 species novel to science, emphasizing the exceptional richness of these ecosystems. This comprehensive catalog of deep-sea biodiversity, primarily consisting of invertebrates, stems from extensive fieldwork including five research expeditions and 63 submersible dives conducted between 2009 and 2019.

The project, spearheaded by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in partnership with the University of Costa Rica, unified 28 experts from 22 different research institutions worldwide. Researchers indicated that out of the total identified species, only 131 had been previously documented, leaving 299 species classified with taxonomic uncertainty, which likely includes more undiscovered species. The significance of this research lies in its potential to enhance our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems and biodiversity.

Recent explorations have also revealed similar wealth in deep-sea methane seeps, such as those studied by the Schmidt Ocean Institute off the coast of Chile, where 60 new species were identified, marking significant scientific advancements. Methane seeps serve as unique chemosynthetic environments that nurture diverse life forms, driven by methane emissions from the seafloor.

Published in the journal ZooKeys, this study aims to contribute positively to deep-sea biodiversity research and conservation efforts. Lead author Charlotte Seid expressed hope that this resource will inspire similar meticulous studies globally. The project encompassed a range of geological features at varying depths, revealing a variety of fauna, including limpets, snails, and fish, underscoring the ecological significance of the Costa Rican seeps.

Field collection and analysis were supported through funding from the National Science Foundation, along with additional support from the Schmidt Ocean Institute. This exploration emphasizes the urgent need to conserve and understand these deep-sea habitats, as the discoveries made have far-reaching implications for science and environmental stewardship.

In summary, the findings from Costa Rica’s methane seeps offer groundbreaking insights into deep-sea biodiversity, with the documentation of 488 species, including numerous new discoveries. The collaboration of international researchers highlights the importance of advancing scientific understanding while advocating for the conservation of these rich ecosystems. The comprehensive study sets a benchmark for future research efforts in unexplored marine environments.

Original Source: oceanographicmagazine.com