Submarine Cables: A New Frontier in Climate Monitoring and Global Connectivity

Meta has announced the development of Project Waterworth, a 50,000-kilometer submarine cable to enhance global communication. These cables can also assist in climate monitoring through the use of SMART technology equipped with sensors. However, there are significant regulatory and financial challenges hindering widespread adoption. Overcoming these barriers could harness valuable data to address climate change concerns effectively.

Submarine cables are essential for global connectivity and communication. Recently, technology company Meta announced its intention to construct a remarkable 50,000-kilometer submarine cable known as Project Waterworth. This cable is expected to enhance connectivity among five continents, notably benefiting countries such as the United States, India, and Brazil. Since the installation of the first cable over the Atlantic in 1858, submarine cables have served as a vital link for communication worldwide, with approximately 1.4 million kilometers currently in operation, capable of transmitting data at astonishing speeds of 300 terabits per second.

In addition to bolstering telecommunications, submarine cables can play a significant role in monitoring and addressing climate change. A recent conference showcased a new generation of cables, specifically SMART cables, designed for environmental monitoring. This initiative, involving organizations like the International Telecommunications Union and UNESCO, aims to equip submarine cables with sensors that collect crucial ocean data, including seismic activity and temperature changes, which can help enhance early warning systems for natural disasters.

Countries like France and Portugal have begun to invest in these innovative SMART cables, which also use optical fibre sensing technology to safeguard critical infrastructure by detecting vibrations. Despite their potential, the adoption of sensing cables has been slow due to various challenges, including outdated regulations, unclear business models, and security concerns. Although these cables have existed since 2010, only two projects are currently in development.

There are three primary barriers to the uptake of sensing cables. First, the legal framework surrounding submarine cables is outdated and does not account for environmental sensor integration, complicating the permitting process. Second, industry leaders question the financial viability of these cables, as the additional costs associated with sensors do not guarantee a return on investment. Lastly, there are concerns that governments might perceive sensing cables as tools for surveillance, thereby generating security threats.

Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of SMART cables are substantial. Valuable ocean data, such as depth and temperature variations, could greatly assist various industries, including shipping and insurance, to enhance their operations. Furthermore, researchers assert that increased data on oceanic conditions is essential for understanding climate change. Upgrading regulations could facilitate investments in SMART technology, particularly through collaborative projects like Meta’s Waterworth Project, which could incorporate sensors on non-sensitive cable branches.

Portugal serves as a model for the successful deployment of SMART cables despite existing regulatory hurdles, demonstrating a commitment to improving climate data. Other governments may draw lessons from this approach, acknowledging a moral responsibility to invest in public infrastructure. While embedding sensors in cables may not be a complete solution to climate issues, it represents an important step toward assessing and mitigating the effects of climate change in vulnerable regions of the ocean.

In summary, submarine cables are crucial for global communication and can also assist in climate monitoring through the implementation of SMART cables. Despite the challenges facing these technologies, there is significant potential for improved data collection and analysis regarding environmental issues. With proper investment and regulatory updates, the integration of sensors in submarine cables can enhance our understanding of oceanic changes and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts.

Original Source: theconversation.com